1. AC motor (alternating current)
2. DC motor (direct current)
>AC motor (alternating current): This is a type of motor that uses an alternating current power source to operate, this type of current interchanges direction and produces a frequency wave that looks like an S line from - and + with very high speed according to the frequency range.
ALTERNATING SINE WAVE
This wave value state from 0 to the maximum range of rated frequency, like from 0HZ to 50HZ or any value, and also the one illustrated in the diagram above, which state from 0HZ to the range of 50HZ and back to 0HZ, which can be produced by most generators and some other power source, this alternating current power can produce different kinds of a wave when in operations, but we will discourse that in FORMS OF WAVE. There are many types of AC motors, but two main types include.
>Asynchronous (induction) motor and
>Synchronous motor
>Asynchronous (induction) motor always relies on a small difference in speed between the stator rotating magnetic field and the rotor shaft speed called slip, to induce rotor current in the rotor AC winding.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
This motor works when electric current passes through or current is supplied to the stator, the stator will produce a magnetic field which is called an electromagnetic field (EMF), this field will be induced by the stator." bought the stator and the rotor are made of soft iron core".
When the rotor induces electromagnetic field (EMF), it starts rotating as the frequency of the supplied current on the stator varies will dictamen the speed, There must be a change in speed between the stator and the rotor, so when the rotor rotates, it because the frequency of the supplied current on the stator which for example, a motor that rotate in a current of 50HZ will rotate when the frequency Starts moving from 0HZ upwards.
And will reach the maximum frequency of rated HZ as of 50HZ-60HZ and then drop down to 0HZ and to -50HZ or 60HZ back again to 0HZ.
Each completion from 0 to 50 and back, is regarded as a half circle and the remaining as another half circle which is one orbit.
HALF CIRCLES
This dictates the rotation of the AC supply, which is the generator also, this is some side of HOW AC GENERATOR WORKS.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Induction motors are categorized into two main types, single-phase and three-phase induction motors, and there is a further classification based on their way of starting, the single-phase induction motor is not self-starting, it always needs an external force before rotating while three-phase induction motors start on its own, what it means is that single-phase has 0% starting torque and three-phase has 100% starting torque.
There are two types of three-phase induction motors, they include as follows.
. Squirrel cage.
. Slip ring motor.
The feature that makes the squirrel cage motor widely applicable is mainly their simple design and rugged construction with external resistance, the slip ring motor can have high starting torque.
> Synchronous motor: This motor is a type of electric motor, in which at steady state the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current, the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral number of AC cycles.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
In a synchronous motor, AC power is supplied to the stator to generate a rotating magnetic field and power is supplied to the rotor to generate a magnetic field as well, which bought the rotor and the stator produce north and south pole, the north pole of the rotor will be repelled by the north pole of the stator and as well as attracts to the south pole of the stator, on the process the splits ring that is attached to the rotor, which supplies DC current to the rotor on a given pole will interchange, the north pole will be south while the south will be north and action is respited over again causing the motor to rotate continuously.
>DC motor (direct current): This second branch of the motor usually runs on a direct current (DC) power source, which can be produced by mostly chemical cells such as batteries and solar panels. dc power source has a frequency wave that rises from point 0 to the rated value and moves in one direction or street line,
The wave drops when the battery or any type of DC power source is reducing in voltage.
we have four main types of DC motors.
we have four main types of DC motors.
>Series dc motor
>Shunt dc motor
>Compound dc motor
Those names are rated according to the type of connection of the field winding concerning the armature circuit.
>Series dc motor: This motor connects the armature and field winding in series with a connection to the DC power source. The motor speed varies as a nonlinear function of load torque and armature current; current is common to both the stator and rotor yielding current squared (1^2) behavior.
SERIES DC MOTOR
>Shunt DC motor (also known as a shunt wound DC motor) is a type of self-exited DC motor where the field winding is shunted to or connected in parallel to the armature winding of the motor.
SHUNT DC MOTOR
>Compound DC motor (also known as compound wound DC motor) is a type of self-excited motor and is made up of both series field coil and shunt field coil, connected to the armature winding.
COMPOUND DC MOTOR
In a DC motor permanent magnet can be used on the stator, as the north and south poles with high production of torque and it is classified into two forms brush permanent magnetic motor and brushless permanent magnetic motor.
In a DC motor permanent magnet can be used on the stator, as the north and south poles with high production of torque and it is classified into two forms brush permanent magnetic motor and brushless permanent magnetic motor.
PRENCIPLE OPRATION OF DC MOTORS
DC motor works with the principle of electromagnetic field, in shunt DC motor, when current is supplied through the bought said of the stator and the rotor the motor generates an electromagnetic field with high torque which rotates the rotor and series motor the current is supplied through the one said of stator and the other one said of the rotor of the motor which brought about moving the rotor.
USES OF MOTOR
The motor is used to operate some mechanical devices such as robots, toy cars, electric cars car radiators, drillers, and some of our home appliances like fans. electric motors can serve as driving tools or cooling machines and many more.
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